Cyprus was placed under British administration in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s. Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an "extension of Anatolia" by them; while since the 19th century,^[17][18] the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s.^[19] Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus wasgranted independence in 1960.^[20] In 1963, the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots^[21][22] and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, acoup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists^[23][24] and elements of the Greek military junta^[25] in an attempt at enosis, the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece. This action precipitated theTurkish invasion of Cyprus,^[26] which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus the following month, after a ceasefire collapsed, and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots^[27][28]and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots.^[29] A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established in 1983. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute.